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The amount of dietary fat required for optimal bioavailability of carotenoids in plant matrices is not clearly defined.
The objective of the study was to quantify the appearance of carotenoids in plasma chylomicrons after subjects ingested fresh vegetable salads with fat-free, reduced-fat, or full-fat salad
dressings.
The subjects (n = 7) each consumed 3 salads consisting of equivalent amounts of spinach, romaine lettuce, cherry tomatoes, and carrots with salad dressings containing 0, 6, or 28 g canola oil. The salads were consumed in random order separated by washout periods of ≥2 wk. Blood samples were collected hourly from 0 to 12 h. Chylomicrons were isolated by ultracentrifugation, and carotenoid absorption was analyzed by HPLC with coulometric array detection.
After ingestion of the salads with fat-free salad dressing, the appearance of
{alpha}-carotene, ß-carotene, and lycopene in chylomicrons was negligible.
After ingestion of the salads with reduced-fat salad dressing, the appearance of the carotenoids in plasma chylomicrons increased relative to that after ingestion of the salads with fat-free salad dressing (P < 0.04).
Similarly, the appearance of the carotenoids in plasma chylomicrons was higher after the ingestion of salads with full-fat than with reduced-fat salad dressing (P < 0.02).
Essentially no absorption of carotenoids was observed when salads with fat-free salad dressing were consumed. A substantially greater absorption of carotenoids was observed when salads were consumed with full-fat than with reduced-fat salad
dressing.
Source
Carotenoid bioavailability is higher from salads ingested with full-fat than with fat-reduced salad dressings as measured with electrochemical detection1,2,3
Melody J Brown, Mario G Ferruzzi, Minhthy L Nguyen, Dale A Cooper, Alison L Eldridge, Steven J Schwartz and Wendy S White
1From the Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition and the Center for Designing Foods to Improve Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames (MJB and WSW); the Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus (MGF, MLN, and SJS); and The Procter & Gamble Nutrition Science Institute, Cincinnati (DAC and ALE)
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Key Words: {alpha}-Carotene • ß-carotene • bioavailability • carotenoids • chylomicrons • coulometric array • electrochemical detection • fat • fat-reduced salad dressings • intestinal absorption • lycopene • salad • salad dressing • vegetables
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