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Sexuality


By Marco Dal Negro

www.mybestlife.com

 

Italiano - English 

 


Caresses enjoyable vicariously too (30/11/2012)

 

Being gently caressed by another person is both a physical and an emotional experience. But the way we are touched and the reaction this elicits in the brain are a science of their own.

Researchers from the Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at the University of Gothenburg’s Sahlgrenska Academy have studied how the brain reacts to caresses. Volunteers were given MRI scans to measure blood flows in the brain while being stroked either slowly or quickly with a soft brush.

Our perception of a caress, whether felt or seen, may thus be constrained by specific, affectively relevant features of touch.
One candidate is the speed at which a touch travels over the skin: a typical caress involves light, dynamic stroking that neither moves too slowly nor too quickly. This is supported by the recent discovery that human CT (tactile C) afferent fibers are sensitive to a caress-like range of stroking speeds associated with positively hedonic subjective responses.
CT afferents are slow-conducting, unmyelinated, low-threshold mechanoreceptive nerve fibers that carry signals from the receptive fields in the epidermis of mammalian hairy skin.

When forearm skin is gently stroked at speeds consistent with a social caress (1–10 cm/s), the CT afferents of human volunteers fire vigorously, decreasing when the skin is stroked at faster or slower speeds. This velocity-sensitive CT response is tightly correlated with subjective ratings of how pleasant the touch feels. Human CT pathways ultimately target the insular cortex, a region associated with emotion and homeostatic balance.

Not unexpectedly, the brain reacted most strongly to the slow strokes. More surprising results emerged when the volunteers instead watched videos of another person being caressed.

"The aim was to understand how the brain processes information from sensual contact, and it turned out that the brain was activated just as quickly when the volunteers got to watch someone else being caressed as when they were being caressed themselves," says India Morrison, one of the researchers behind the study. “Even when we are only watching sensual skin contact, we can experience its emotional meaning without actually feeling the touch directly."

As a comparison, the volunteers also got to watch a video where a hand caresses an inanimate object, and in this case the brain was not activated anywhere near as strongly.

“These results indicate that our brain is wired in such a way that we can feel and process other people’s sensations, which could open up new ways of studying how we create empathy," says Morrison. “It's important for us as people to understand the significance of different types of touch – to know whether two people are in a relationship or are about to start a fight.”

The study has been published in the Journal of Neuroscience.

For more information
The Journal of Neuroscience
"Vicarious Responses to Social Touch in Posterior Insular Cortex Are Tuned to Pleasant Caressing Speeds"
Authors: India Morrison, Malin Björnsdotter, and Håkan Olausson.
http://www.jneurosci.org/content/31/26/9554.abstract

(MDN)

 


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