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Reducing salt in the diets of the general population may not have an overall positive health impact (11/11/2011)

 

The question of whether reduced sodium intake is effective as a health prophylaxis initiative is unsolved. The purpose was to estimate the effects of low-sodium vs. high-sodium intake on blood pressure (BP), renin, aldosterone, catecholamines, and lipids.

Sodium reduction resulted in a significant decrease in BP of 1% (normotensives), 3.5% (hypertensives), and a significant increase in plasma renin, plasma aldosterone, plasma adrenaline, and plasma noradrenaline, a 2.5% increase in cholesterol, and a 7% increase in triglyceride.

Because none of the studies in the review were able to measure long-term health effects, the team was not able to say if low salt diets improve or worsen health outcomes.

Studies randomizing persons to low-sodium and high-sodium diets evaluating at least one of the above outcome parameters were included. Data were analyzed with Review Manager 5.1.

A total of 167 studies were included. The effect of sodium reduction in: (i) Normotensives: Caucasians: systolic BP (SBP) −1.27 mm Hg (95% confidence interval (CI): −1.88, −0.66; P = 0.0001), diastolic BP (DBP) −0.05 mm Hg (95% CI: −0.51, 0.42; P = 0.85). Blacks: SBP −4.02 mm Hg (95% CI: −7.37, −0.68; P = 0.002), DBP −2.01 mm Hg (95% CI: −4.37, 0.35; P = 0.09). Asians: SBP −1.27 mm Hg (95% CI: −3.07, 0.54; P = 0.17), DBP −1.68 mm Hg (95% CI: −3.29, −0.06; P = 0.04). (ii) Hypertensives: Caucasians: SBP −5.48 mm Hg (95% CI: −6.53, −4.43; P < 0.00001), DBP −2.75 mm Hg (95% CI: −3.34, −2.17; P < 0.00001). Blacks: SBP −6.44 mm Hg (95% CI: −8.85, −4.03; P = 0.00001), DBP −2.40 mm Hg (95% CI: −4.68, −0.12; P = 0.04). Asians: SBP −10.21 mm Hg (95% CI: −16.98, −3.44; P = 0.003), DBP −2.60 mm Hg (95% CI: −4.03, −1.16; P = 0.0004). Sodium reduction resulted in significant increases in renin (P < 0.00001), aldosterone (P < 0.00001), noradrenaline (P < 0.00001), adrenaline (P < 0.0002), cholesterol (P < 0.001), and triglyceride (P < 0.0008).

Authors
Niels A. Graudal, Thorbjørn Hubeck-Graudal and Gesche Jürgens

Source
The complete original article is here:
American Journal of Hypertension
Effects of Low-Sodium Diet vs. High-Sodium Diet on Blood Pressure, Renin, Aldosterone, Catecholamines, Cholesterol, and Triglyceride (Cochrane Review)

(MDN)

 


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